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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Satellite surface salinity ： ウィキペディア英語版 Satellite surface salinity Satellite surface salinity refers to measurements of surface salinity made by remote sensing satellites. The radiative properties of the ocean surface are exploited in order to estimate the salinity of the water's surface layer. The depth of the water column that a satellite surface salinity measurement is sensitive to depends on the frequency (or wavelength) of the radiance that is being measured. For instance, the optical depth for seawater at the 1.413 GHz microwave frequency, used for the Aquarius mission, is about 1–2 cm.〔 == Background == As with many passive remote sensing satellite products, satellites measure surface salinity by initially taking radiance measurements emitted by the earth’s atmosphere and ocean. If the object emitting the measured radiance is considered to be a black body, then the relationship between the object’s temperature and the measured radiance can be related, at a given frequency, through the Planck function (or Planck's law). ::$I\_\backslash nu\; =\; \backslash frac\backslash frac\}-1\}$ where $I\_\backslash nu$ (the Intensity or Brightness) is the amount of energy emitted per unit surface per unit time per unit solid angle and in the frequency range between $\backslash nu$ and $\backslash nu\; +\; d\backslash nu$; $T$ is the temperature of the black body; $h$ is Planck's constant; $\backslash nu$ is frequency; $c$ is the speed of light; and $k$ is Boltzmann's constant. This equation can be rewritten to express the temperature, T, in terms of the measured radiance at a particular frequency. The temperature derived from the Planck function is referred to as the brightness temperature (which see, for derivation). For ideal black bodies, the brightness temperature is also the directly measurable temperature. For objects in nature, often called Gray Bodies, the actual temperature is only a fraction of the brightness temperature. The fraction of brightness temperature to actual temperature is defined as the emissivity. The relationship between brightness temperature and temperature can be written as: $T\_b\; =\; e\; T$ where Tb is the brightness temperature, e is the emissivity, and T is the temperature of the surface sea water. The emissivity describes the ability of an object to emit energy by radiation. Several factors can affect the emissivity of water, including temperature, emission angle, wavelength, and chemical composition. The emissivity of sea water has been modeled as a function of its temperature, salinity, and radiant energy frequency. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Satellite surface salinity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.